Editorial

Esta é a Newsletter Nº 140 que se apresenta com o mesmo formato que as anteriores. Se gostar da Newsletter partilhe-a!

Todas as Newsletters encontram-se indexadas no link.

Esta Newsletter tem os seguintes tópicos:

• Novidades da Semana
• Ciência e Tecnologia
• Modelos 3D
• Documentação
• Projetos Maker

Faz hoje anos que nascia, em 1737, Louis-Bernard Guyton de Moréveau. Este Químico francês colaborou com Antoine Lavoisier e outros para estabelecer uma nomenclatura química sistemática, ajudando a distinguir elementos de compostos. Ele publicou estudos sobre flogisto e cristalização, e também gás amónia liquidificado. Ele escreveu a secção química da Encyclopédie méthodique (Vol. I, 1786). Em 1761, Guyton propôs que o nome "alumina" (daí alumínio) fosse usado para a base em alúmen (sulfato de alumínio e potássio, alenismo latino = alum). Guyton foi um dos primeiros a concluir que o ferro e o aço diferem unicamente do seu conteúdo de carbono, melhorou o fabrico de pólvora, foi o primeiro a usar cloro e gás ácido clorídrico como desinfectantes e foi um dos primeiros baloonistas (1784).

Faz também anos hoje que nascia, em 1809, Louis Braille. Este educador francês desenvolveu uma forma táctil de impressão e escrita, conhecida como braille, que desde então foi amplamente adoptada pelos cegos. Ele próprio ficou cego aos quatro anos, depois de um acidente enquanto tocava com um taco. Em 1821, enquanto Braille estava numa escola para cegos, um soldado chamado Charles Barbier visitou-o e mostrou um sistema de código que ele havia inventado. O sistema, chamado de "escrita nocturna", tinha sido criado para os soldados a partir das trincheiras de guerra poderem passar silenciosamente instruções usando combinações de doze pontos levantados. O jovem Braille percebeu o quão útil seria este sistema de pontos levantados. Ele desenvolveu um esquema mais simples usando apenas seis pontos. Em 1827, o primeiro livro em braille foi publicado. Agora, os cegos também podem escrever para si mesmos usando uma caneta simples para fazer os pontos.

Faz igualmente anos hoje que nascia, em 1846, Edward Hibberd Johnson. Este engenheiro electrotécnico e inventor Norte-americano passou muitos anos a trabalhar em vários projetos de negócios com Thomas Edison, inclusive como vice-presidente da Edison Electric Light Company. Eles conheceram-se quando Johnson, como gerente da Automatic Telegraph Company, contratou Thomas Edison, na altura com 24 anos. Como o talento de Edison como inventor o impulsionou a desenvolver seu laboratório de invenção e empresas comerciais, Johnson tornou-se o seu executivo de negócios e, eventualmente, presidente da Edison Electric Illuminating Co. de Nova York. Johnson ficou conhecido por ter criado as primeiras luzes eléctricas numa árvore de Natal em 22 de Dezembro de 1882, que ele as exibiu na janela de sua casa em Nova York. O fio de lâmpadas feitas à mão tinha sido feito para ele, com 80 lâmpadas do tamanho de uma noz brilhando em números iguais de luz vermelha, branca e azul.

Por fim, faz anos hoje que nascia, em 1940, Brian Josephson. Este físico Galês descobriu o efeito Josephson (1962) - um fluxo de corrente eléctrica como pares de electrões, chamado Cooper Pairs, entre dois materiais super-condutores que são separados por um isolador extremamente fino. Este arranjo é chamado de "Josephson Junction". Foi-lhe atribuído o Prémio Nobel de Física de 1973 (com Leo Esaki e Ivar Giaever).

Na semana que passou ficámos a saber que grande parte dos processadores modernos da Intel, AMD e ARM sofrem de uma falha no seu desenho que, não podendo ser corrigida exclusivamente por um "patch" no micro-código, irá obrigar ao redesenho dos Kernels Linux e do Windows para impedir a utilização deste bug de segurança. Desde Novembro - momento em que um grupo restrito de investigadores descobriu o problema que estão a trabalhar nos mecanismos de mitigação do mesmo. O problema reside na possibilidade de uma aplicação maliciosa executada em "user-space" poder ler a memória supostamente protegida do Kernel assim como, em ambientes de virtualização (onde se supõe haver uma "sandbox" entre as várias máquinas virtuais), poder ler a memória do hipervisor e de outras máquinas virtuais. Para resolver o problema, serão necessárias actualizações para o Kernel e para o micro-código do processador. O problema desde que foi anunciado já escalou e actualmente não tem um mas dois nomes código distintos que são o Meltdown e o Spectre. O Meltdown é o problema exclusivo dos processadores Intel. O Spectre é o problema que se estende a todos os fabricantes. A existência destes bugs tem a ver com a forma como os processadores actuais lidam com a elevada performance e com uma técnica usada, designada por execução especulativa que se traduz numa técnica de optimização da capacidade de execução do processador. Infelizmente esta técnica não entra em linha de conta com os domínio de protecção e pode permitir acessos indevidos. A resolução deste problema ao nível dos Kernels dos sistemas operativos irá provavelmente implicar uma redução de performance que poderá chegar aos 30% em algum tipo de "Workloads".

Na Newsletter desta semana apresentamos diversos projetos de maker assim como um modelo 3D. São apresentados cinco livros sobre Linux, um sobre Administração, outro sobre Servidores, outro sobre Redes, outros sobre "Storage" e por fim um sobre Segurança.

João Alves ([email protected])

O conteúdo da Newsletter encontra-se sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

'Kernel memory leaking' Intel processor design flaw forces Linux, Windows redesign

"A fundamental design flaw in Intel's processor chips has forced a significant redesign of the Linux and Windows kernels to defang the chip-level security bug. Programmers are scrambling to overhaul the open-source Linux kernel's virtual memory system. Meanwhile, Microsoft is expected to publicly introduce the necessary changes to its Windows operating system in an upcoming Patch Tuesday: these changes were seeded to beta testers running fast-ring Windows Insider builds in November and December. Crucially, these updates to both Linux and Windows will incur a performance hit on Intel products. The effects are still being benchmarked, however we're looking at a ballpark figure of five to 30 per cent slow down, depending on the task and the processor model. More recent Intel chips have features – specifically, PCID – to reduce the performance hit." [...]

CircuitPython 2.2.0 Released! #CircuitPython @adafruit

"Fresh for the 2018 New Year, we are pleased to announce the release of CircuitPython 2.2.0 ! Here’s the GitHub release page. Installation To install follow the instructions in our new Welcome to CircuitPython! guide. To install the latest libraries, see this page in that guide. Try the latest version of the Mu editor for creating and editing your CircuitPython programs and for easy access to the CircuitPython serial connection (the REPL)." [...]

Mbed OS 5.7.2 released

"We are pleased to announce the Mbed OS 5.7.2 release is now available. This is the latest patch release based on the feature set introduced by Mbed OS 5.7. Summary We have added a new example program, mbed-os-example-filesystem which covers both FAT and LittleFS filesystems. The GR-PEACH target was previously removed from the supported targets due to incompatibility with cmsis 5 fixes. These have been fixed and the target has now been reinstated. We have added IAR export support for EV_COG_AD3029LZ, EV_COG_AD4050LZ and bootloader support for MK24F1." [...]

Samsung Optimizes Premium Exynos 9 Series 9810 for AI Applications and Richer Multimedia Content

"The new Exynos 9810 brings premium features with a 2.9GHz custom CPU, an industry-first 6CA LTE modem and deep learning processing capabilities Samsung Electronics, a world leader in advanced semiconductor technology, today announced the launch of its latest premium application processor (AP), the Exynos 9 Series 9810. The Exynos 9810, built on Samsung’s second-generation 10-nanometer (nm) FinFET process, brings the next level of performance to smartphones and smart devices with its powerful third-generation custom CPU, faster gigabit LTE modem and sophisticated image processing with deep learning-based software. In recognition of its innovation and technological advancements, Samsung’s Exynos 9 Series 9810 has been selected as a CES 2018 Innovation Awards HONOREE in the Embedded Technologies product category and will be displayed at the event, which runs January 9-12, 2018, in Las Vegas, USA. “The Exynos 9 Series 9810 is our most innovative mobile processor yet, with our third-generation custom CPU, ultra-fast gigabit LTE modem and, deep learning-enhanced image processing,” said Ben Hur, vice president of System LSI marketing at Samsung Electronics. “The Exynos 9810 will be a key catalyst for innovation in smart platforms such as smartphones, personal computing and automotive for the coming AI era.” With the benefits of the industry’s most advanced 10nm process technology, the Exynos 9810 will enable seamless multi-tasking with faster loading and transition times between the latest mobile apps. The processor has a brand new eight-core CPU under its hood, four of which are powerful third-generation custom cores that can reach 2.9 gigahertz (GHz), with the other four optimized for efficiency." [...]

Atomically Thin Perovskites Boost for Future Electronics

"WPI-MANA has developed the world's highest performance dielectric nanofilms using atomically thin perovskites. This technology may revolutionize the next-generation of electronics. This research was conducted by a WPI-MANA research group led by Principal Investigator Minoru Osada and Director Takayoshi Sasaki of WPI-MANA at NIMS. Electronic devices are getting smaller all the time, but there is a limit to how small they can get using current materials and technology. High-κ dielectric materials may be the key for developing electronic devices of the future. Minoru Osada and colleagues created high-performance dielectric nanofilms using 2D perovskite nanosheets (Ca2Nam−3NbmO3m+1; m = 3–6) as building blocks." [...]

Carving out circuits that click into place

"An easy and reliable assembly approach, inspired by building blocks, challenges the current fabrication of electronic systems. A strategy for assembly of electronic systems—especially the flexible structures needed for high-performance devices of the future—uses integrated circuits as Lego-like building blocks. “This plug-and-play approach is absolutely disruptive,” says PhD candidate Sohail Shaikh from KAUST: this unique method of assembly creates completely new options for manufacturing processes of these systems. Existing technologies for building electronic devices, such as computers, smartphones and robots, rely on complex automated manufacturing processes. These involve high-precision equipment to align and package thousands of components that range from a few millimeters upward in size. Once aligned, these components are connected to printed circuit boards using numerous tiny pins." [...]

Viewing atomic structures of dopant atoms in 3D relating to electrical activity in a semiconductor

"Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) and their research team involving researchers of JASRI, Osaka University, Nagoya Institute of Technology, and Nara Institute of Science and Technology have just developed a novel approach to determine and visualize the three-dimensional (3D) structure of individual dopant atoms using SPring-8. The technique will help improve the current understanding of the atomic structures of dopants in semiconductors correlated with their electrical activity and thus help support the development of new manufacturing processes for high-performance devices. Using a combination of spectro-photoelectron holography, electrical property measurements, and first-principles dynamics simulations, the 3D atomic structures of dopant impurities in a semiconductor crystal were successfully revealed. The need for a better understanding of the atomic structures of dopants in semiconductors had been long felt, mainly because the current limitations on active dopant concentrations result from the deactivation of excess dopant atoms by the formation of various types of clusters and other defect structures. The search for techniques to electrically activate the dopant impurities in semiconductors with high efficiency and/or at high concentrations have always been an essential aspect of semiconductor device technology. However, despite various successful developments, the achievable maximum concentration of active dopants remains limited." [...]

Researchers steer the flow of electrical current with spinning light

"Discovery could improve microelectronics and optical communication MINNEAPOLIS / ST. PAUL (12/19/2017) — Light can generate an electrical current in semiconductor materials. This is how solar cells generate electricity from sunlight and how smart phone cameras can take photographs. To collect the generated electrical current, called photocurrent, an electric voltage is needed to force the current to flow in only one direction. In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. The new study was recently published in the scientific journal Nature Communications. The study reveals that control is effected by the direction in which the particles of light, called photons, are spinning—clockwise or counterclockwise." [...]

Innovative Transistors Based on Magnetically Induced Movement of Ions

"Just as magnets attract iron particles in sandpits, permanent magnetics only attract one type of ion in an electrochemical solution, constituting the basis of magnetically controlled electrochemical transistors. Electrochemical devices find application in many technologies, including batteries, capacitors, sensors, and transistors. For such electrochemical devices to operate, they need an electric field that causes ionic transport and electrochemical processes. This simple but strict rule has long hindered innovation in electrochemistry and related technologies, however, WPI-MANA researchers recently challenged the rule with their development of ‘magnetic control of electrochemical devices’. WPI-MANA researchers Takashi Tsuchiya and Kazuya Terabe and their co-workers used a small magnet, instead of electrical equipment, to drive ions. The transport of paramagnetic FeCl4 ions in a liquid electrolyte (including [Bmim]FeCl4) was magnetically controlled to operate a typical electrochemical device; an Electric Double Layer Transistor (EDLT), a type of transistor that uses an EDL at a semiconductor/electrolyte interface to tune the electronic carrier density of the semiconductor." [...]

Proof of randomness builds future of digital security

"In an effort to block emerging threats to online security, researchers at Princeton University have developed a method to verify the strength of random number generators that form the basis of most encryption systems. Nearly all secure online traffic — from shopping to banking to communications — relies on a technique of randomly generating a number that serves as a key to unlock encrypted communication. The problem is that small programming errors can make these systems vulnerable, and those vulnerabilities can often be very difficult to detect. “Whenever you connect up to Amazon to give them your credit card number, whenever you log in somewhere through a secure connection, you’re depending on randomly generated cryptographic keys,” said Andrew Appel, the Eugene Higgins Professor of Computer Science at Princeton and leader of the research team. “And if the adversary, the spy who is trying to read your messages or impersonate you, could guess what random number your computer was using, then it could know what key you’re going to be using and it could impersonate your traffic and read your messages.” In a paper presented to the Association for Computing Machinery 2017 Conference on Computer and Communications Security on Nov. 2, the researchers said it may be impossible to tell whether a number generator is compromised without examining the generators’ source code (and without proper methods, difficult to guarantee security even with access to the code). The programs, called Deterministic Random Bit Generators or DRBGs, are tested typically by analyzing their outputs, either statistically or by using a set of tests to check the results." [...]

Researchers chart the ‘secret’ movement of quantum particles

"Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. In a theoretical paper published in the journal Physical Review A, they have shown that the way that particles interact with their environment can be used to track quantum particles when they’re not being observed, which had been thought to be impossible. One of the fundamental ideas of quantum theory is that quantum objects can exist both as a wave and as a particle, and that they don’t exist as one or the other until they are measured. This is the premise that Erwin Schrödinger was illustrating with his famous thought experiment involving a dead-or-maybe-not-dead cat in a box. “This premise, commonly referred to as the wave function, has been used more as a mathematical tool than a representation of actual quantum particles,” said David Arvidsson-Shukur, a PhD student at Cambridge’s Cavendish Laboratory, and the paper’s first author. “That’s why we took on the challenge of creating a way to track the secret movements of quantum particles.” Any particle will always interact with its environment, ‘tagging’ it along the way." [...]

Hot electrons heat up solar energy research

"Solar and renewable energy is getting hot, thanks to nanoscientists — those who work with materials smaller than the width of a human hair — at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory who have discovered new, better and faster ways to convert energy from light into energetic electrons. Their innovative methods could provide new opportunities and greater efficiencies for solar energy conversion applications. Argonne scientists and their collaborators created hybrid nanomaterials — measured in billionths of a meter — at the laboratory’s Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), a DOE Office of Science User Facility, to harness the full energy of photons. The result was energetic, or “hot,” electrons, which carry the same amount of energy as a photon that strikes nanomaterial components. These little dynamos could eventually lead to big advances in photocatalytic water splitting — in which special materials convert solar energy into clean and renewable hydrogen fuel — and photovoltaics, which convert solar energy into electricity. The research team focused on metals and metal nanostructures because they absorb a great deal of light, which is the first step to increasing the number of energetic electrons in an illuminated material." [...]

Can computers help us synthesize new materials?

"Last month, three MIT materials scientists and their colleagues published a paper describing a new artificial-intelligence system that can pore through scientific papers and extract “recipes” for producing particular types of materials. That work was envisioned as the first step toward a system that can originate recipes for materials that have been described only theoretically. Now, in a paper in the journal npj Computational Materials, the same three materials scientists, with a colleague in MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), take a further step in that direction, with a new artificial-intelligence system that can recognize higher-level patterns that are consistent across recipes. For instance, the new system was able to identify correlations between “precursor” chemicals used in materials recipes and the crystal structures of the resulting products. The same correlations, it turned out, had been documented in the literature. The system also relies on statistical methods that provide a natural mechanism for generating original recipes." [...]

Supermassive black holes control star formation in large galaxies

"Astronomers find close correlation between the mass of a galaxy's central black hole and its star formation history Young galaxies blaze with bright new stars forming at a rapid rate, but star formation eventually shuts down as a galaxy evolves. A new study, published January 1, 2018, in Nature, shows that the mass of the black hole in the center of the galaxy determines how soon this "quenching" of star formation occurs. Every massive galaxy has a central supermassive black hole, more than a million times more massive than the sun, revealing its presence through its gravitational effects on the galaxy's stars and sometimes powering the energetic radiation from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The energy pouring into a galaxy from an active galactic nucleus is thought to turn off star formation by heating and dispelling the gas that would otherwise condense into stars as it cooled. This idea has been around for decades, and astrophysicists have found that simulations of galaxy evolution must incorporate feedback from the black hole in order to reproduce the observed properties of galaxies. But observational evidence of a connection between supermassive black holes and star formation has been lacking, until now." [...]

Quantum Radio May Aid Communications and Mapping Indoors, Underground and Underwater

"Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have demonstrated that quantum physics might enable communications and mapping in locations where GPS and ordinary cellphones and radios don’t work reliably or even at all, such as indoors, in urban canyons, underwater and underground. The technology may help mariners, soldiers and surveyors, among others. GPS signals don’t penetrate very deeply or at all in water, soil or building walls, and therefore, can’t be used by submarines or in underground activities such as surveying mines. GPS also may not work well indoors or even outdoors among city skyscrapers. For soldiers, radio signals may be blocked in environments cluttered by rubble or many interfering electromagnetic devices during military or disaster recovery missions. The NIST team is experimenting with low-frequency magnetic radio—very low frequency (VLF) digitally modulated magnetic signals—which can travel farther through building materials, water and soil than conventional electromagnetic communications signals at higher frequencies." [...]

Tweaking quantum dots powers-up double-pane solar windows

"Engineered quantum dots could bring down the cost of solar electricity Using two types of “designer” quantum dots, researchers are creating double-pane solar windows that generate electricity with greater efficiency and create shading and insulation for good measure. It’s all made possible by a new window architecture which utilizes two different layers of low-cost quantum dots tuned to absorb different parts of the solar spectrum. “Because of the the strong performance we can achieve with low-cost, solution-processable materials, these quantum-dot-based double-pane windows and even more complex luminescent solar concentrators offer a new way to bring down the cost of solar electricity,” said lead researcher Victor Klimov. “The approach complements existing photovoltaic technology by adding high-efficiency sunlight collectors to existing solar panels or integrating them as semitransparent windows into a building’s architecture.” The key to this advance is “solar-spectrum splitting,” which allows one to process separately higher– and lower–energy solar photons. The higher-energy photons can generate a higher photovoltage, which could boost the overall power output. This approach also improves the photocurrent as the dots used in the front layer are virtually “reabsorption free.” To achieve this, the Los Alamos team incorporates into quantum dots ions of manganese that serve as highly emissive impurities." [...]

Study resolves controversy about electron structure of defects in graphene

"A study conducted at the University of São Paulo’s Physics Institute (IF-USP) has resolved a longstanding controversy dogging the international community of researchers dedicated to investigating defects in graphene. The controversy is related to the calculation of the overall electronic structure of defects. This configuration, which comprises many variables, was described in different ways depending on the researcher and the model used. The solution, which is identical for all models and is compatible with experimental findings, was obtained by Chilean Ana María Valencia García and her PhD supervisor, Marília Junqueira Caldas, Full Professor at IF-USP. An article authored by both researchers has been published in the journal Physical Review B with the title “Single vacancy defect in graphene: Insights into its magnetic properties from theoretical modeling”. The journal’s editors chose one of the figures from the article for inclusion in the Kaleidoscope section, which promotes interest in the esthetics of physics by featuring images selected for their artistic appeal." [...]

Laser Evaporation Technology to Create New Solar Materials

"Materials scientists at Duke University have developed a method to create hybrid thin-film materials that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to make. The technique could be the gateway to new generations of solar cells, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors. The research team described their methods Dec. 22, 2017 in the journal ACS Energy Letters. Perovskites are a class of materials that—with the right combination of elements—have a crystalline structure that makes them particularly well-suited for light-based applications. Their ability to absorb light and transfer its energy efficiently makes them a common target for researchers developing new types of solar cells, for example. The most common perovskite used in solar energy today, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), can convert light to energy just as well as today’s best commercially available solar panels." [...]

Four-dimensional physics in two dimensions

"For the first time, physicists have built a two-dimensional experimental system that allows them to study the physical properties of materials that were theorized to exist only in four-dimensional space. An international team of researchers from Penn State, ETH Zurich in Switzerland, the University of Pittsburgh, and the Holon Institute of Technology in Israel have demonstrated that the behavior of particles of light can be made to match predictions about the four-dimensional version of the “quantum Hall effect” — a phenomenon that has been at the root of three Nobel Prizes in physics — in a two-dimensional array of “waveguides.” A paper describing the research appears Jan. 4 in the journal Nature, along with a paper from a separate group from Germany that shows that a similar mechanism can be used to make a gas of ultracold atoms exhibit four-dimensional quantum Hall physics as well. “When it was theorized that the quantum Hall effect could be observed in four-dimensional space,” said Mikael Rechtsman, assistant professor of physics and an author of the paper, “it was considered to be of purely theoretical interest because the real world consists of only three spatial dimensions; it was more or less a curiosity. But, we have now shown that four-dimensional quantum Hall physics can be emulated using photons — particles of light — flowing through an intricately structured piece of glass — a waveguide array.” When electric charge is sandwiched between two surfaces, the charge behaves effectively like a two-dimensional material. When that material is cooled down to near absolute-zero temperature and subjected to a strong magnetic field, the amount that it can conduct becomes “quantized” — fixed to a fundamental constant of nature, and cannot change. “Quantization is striking because even if the material is ‘messy’ — that is, it has a lot of defects — this ‘Hall conductance’ remains exceedingly stable,” said Rechtsman." [...]

New Lithium-Rich Battery Could Last Much Longer

"On paper, it doesn’t seem like Christopher Wolverton’s super lithium-rich battery should work. For one, the novel battery uses iron, an inexpensive metal that has notoriously failed in batteries. And in another difficult feat, the battery leverages oxygen to help drive the chemical reaction, which researchers previously believed would cause the battery to become unstable. But not only does the battery work, it does so incredibly well. Teaming up with researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, Wolverton’s group developed a rechargeable lithium-iron-oxide battery that can cycle more lithium ions than its common lithium-cobalt-oxide counterpart. The result is a much higher capacity battery that could enable smart phones and battery-powered automobiles to last much longer." [...]

Lab unlocks secrets of nanoscale 3D printing

"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers have discovered novel ways to extend the capabilities of two-photon lithography (TPL), a high-resolution 3D printing technique capable of producing nanoscale features smaller than one-hundredth the width of a human hair. The findings, recently published on the cover of the journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (link is external), also unleashes the potential for X-ray computed tomography (CT) to analyze stress or defects noninvasively in embedded 3D-printed medical devices or implants. Two-photon lithography typically requires a thin glass slide, a lens and an immersion oil to help the laser light focus to a fine point where curing and printing occurs. It differs from other 3D-printing methods in resolution, because it can produce features smaller than the laser light spot, a scale no other printing process can match. The technique bypasses the usual diffraction limit of other methods because the photoresist material that cures and hardens to create structures — previously a trade secret — simultaneously absorbs two photons instead of one. In the paper, LLNL researchers describe cracking the code on resist materials optimized for two-photon lithography and forming 3D microstructures with features less than 150 nanometers." [...]

Customizable Project Box With Lid Screws and 2 Holes

"I added a couple holes in each end. I was going to put some barrel jacks in them. Go ahead and put whatever you want into those holes. " [...]

Linux System Administration

"This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read this book next to a working Linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing each command. This book is aimed at novice Linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful for home users that want to know a bit more about their Linux system). However, this book is not meant as an introduction to Linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail clients, multimedia or office applications. " [...]

Linux Servers

"This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read this book next to a working Linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing each command. This book is aimed at novice Linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful for home users that want to know a bit more about their Linux system). However, this book is not meant as an introduction to Linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail clients, multimedia or office applications. " [...]

Linux Networking

"This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read this book next to a working Linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing each command. This book is aimed at novice Linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful for home users that want to know a bit more about their Linux system). However, this book is not meant as an introduction to Linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail clients, multimedia or office applications" [...]

Linux Storage

"This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read this book next to a working Linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing each command. This book is aimed at novice Linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful for home users that want to know a bit more about their Linux system). However, this book is not meant as an introduction to Linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail clients, multimedia or office applications" [...]

Linux Security

"This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read this book next to a working Linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing each command. This book is aimed at novice Linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful for home users that want to know a bit more about their Linux system). However, this book is not meant as an introduction to Linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail clients, multimedia or office applications" [...]

OpenBraille, a DIY Braille Embosser

"I was quite surprised to find out how expensive assistive technology is. A mechanical braille embosser cost over a 1000$USD and an electric goes from 3000$ up to 5000$. I tough about making one for a friend but I couldn't find a DIY version, so I decided to make one myself. This isnt, by any means, a finish product. By making the machine an open source project, I am hoping others will improve the design. In a near future, with the help of others makers, OpenBraille will reduce the cost of these printers and it will allow anyone with a visual imparity to read and write." [...]

DIY Wireless Energy Transfer System

"In this project I will show you how to create an appropriate coil and an inverter circuit for a wireless energy transfer system that can easily transfer a power of 20W. Let's get started! " [...]

Neopixel Clock, V2

"Idea After building my first Neopixel Clock, I decided I needed one for myself. There was no way I was going to solder 90 lengths of wire onto 180 tiny pads again, though, so I knew I needed to design a custom PCB. This necessitated a redesign of the entire clock, focused around making it as easy as possible to assemble. Design Having been unsatisfied with Kicad the last time I designed a PCB, I looked for new options, and found EasyEDA. They are a PCB design web app plus manufacturing service all in one. I found the web app to work quite nicely for my needs, and their PCBs were both high quality and cheap, so I’m happy with them so far." [...]

Bluetooth Enabled Joystick Controller

"Amaze your friends and astound your family, when they check out the "HypnoEllipse", an interactive A/V web app. Build a Bluetooth enabled joystick enclosure, connect it to the web browser, and take turns performing self hypnosis. This is a Bluetooth connected Joystick, that sends HID (keyboard/mouse) messages to a p5.js sketch, which presents a spinning optical illusion and swirling sound sample. " [...]

The Butter Robot: the Arduino Robot With Existential Crisis

"This project is based on the animated series "Rick and Morty". In one of the episodes, Rick makes a robot whose sole purpose is to bring butter. As students from Bruface (Brussels Faculty of Engineering) we have an assignment for the mechatronics project which is to build a robot based on a suggested topic. The assignment for this project is: Make a robot that only serves butter. It can have an existential crisis. Of course the robot in the episode of Rick and Morty is a quite complex robot and some simplifications need to be made: Since it's sole purpose is to bring butter, there are more straightforward alternatives." [...]

Dvd Stepper Motor Arduino

"This instructable will show how to control stepper motor taken from DVD-rom Using Arduino Pro Mini to make pulse to run stepper motor. What you need is: 1. Stepper motor 2. H-bridge L298N 3. Arduino Pro Mini" [...]

Make a Automatic Self Sensing Opening and Closing Door With Arduino!

"Ever wanted to make your door open automatic just like in sci-fi movies? Now you can by following this Instructable. In this instructable we will build a door which can open and close automatically without you touching the door. Ultrasonic sensors on the door will detect you from 50 cm away and will open the door automatic. You don't have to touch the door it will do everything automatic! For a demonstration check out the Youtube video." [...]

Two Way Morse Code Translator

"Morse code was invented during the mid 1800s as a way to communicate over long distances quickly. Since then, its use has dwindled due to more advanced technology. This project allows you to communicate in Morse code easily: you can type with a keyboard and receive Morse code in return, or you can use a button to generate Morse code to get your message back in text. Be sure to take a look at this project's page on my website! " [...]

RoboGlove

"We are a group of students of the ULB, Universit Libre de Bruxelles. Our project consists on the developing of a robot glove able to create a grip force helping people grabbing things. THE GLOVE The glove has a wire connection that links the fingers to some servo motors: a wire is attached to the extremity of the finger and to the servo, so when the servo turns, the wire is pulled and the finger is flexed. In this way, by controlling the grip done by the user through some pressure sensors in the extremity of the fingers, we are able to actuate the motors in a controlled way and help the gripping by bending the finger proportionally to the rotation of the motors and so to the rolling up of the wires. In this way we should be able either to allow weak people to grip objects or help even people in physiological conditions to grip objects and to keep it without any effort. THE DESIGN The model has been developed in order to make the hand movement as free as possible." [...]

Obstacle Avoiding Robot With Servo Motor Arduino

"what could be more awsome than building your own robot,today im gonna explain how to build your own obstacle avoiding robot with a servo motor and an ultrasonic sensor.dont worry! I'll guide you step by step through the processes. so basically ,if you search online ,you will be able to find so many obstacle avoiding robots with different algorithms,in here the algorithm will be, robot moves forwardwhen detect an obstacle with 35 cm range stop look right (40') check for obstacle,if no obstacle is detected turn the ser vo to initial positon ,turn the chassis to right, move forward , if obstacle detected in rightside ,look left (130'),if no obstacle turn the servo to initial position turn the chassis left ,move forward in that direction if obstacle detected in all 3 directions,rotate the robot chassis in 180 degrees and go forward. now lets see how to build the robot. " [...]

Arduino: Analog measurements

"An Arduino has a number of analog inputs, which enables us to measure parameters in the analog domain. This could be a voltage, current, resistance, temperature, light and so on. This article explores the usage and performance of the analog to digital converter (ADC) on the Arduino. The tests are performed on an Arduino Nano v3.0 which is very similar to the Arduino Uno with the most notable difference its size. Also the microcontroller ATMEGA328 on board is the same and runs at a clock frequency of 16 MHz. " [...]

Controlling LED Matrix Array With Arduino Uno (Arduino Powered Robot Face)

"This instructable shows how to control an array of 8x8 LED matrices using an Arduino Uno. This guide might be used to create a simple (and relatively cheap display) for your own projects. This way you might display letters, numbers or custom animations. A 5 matrices array used in one of our robot projects ("Rob da Alegria") is used as an example to ilustrate this technology. You might found more about this project in the following links:https://hackaday.io/project/12873-rob-da-alegria-joy-robot https://github.com/ferauche/RoboAlegria https://www.facebook.com/robodaalegria/Special thanks to the other team members involved in the above mentioned project, responsible for the first version of the code presented in this tutorial: Thiago Farauche Diego Augustus Yhan Christian. " [...]

BeefBot

"Overview and Motivations We created a steak-cooking robot. All you do is put the steak on the robot’s food-safe skewers and food probe and it does the rest. We decided to create this robot to cook better steaks using precise temperature measurements throughout the entire cooking process and, most importantly, not have to babysit the grill to achieve this. High Level Design Rational BeefBot is a robot that cooks a steak for you using temperature sensing with no supervision after being put on the grill. Traditionally, when preparing a steak, it is often hard to get the right doneness without cutting into it to check. There exist other methods, such as using a food thermometer and comparing the feeling of the steak to your palm." [...]

Arduino Controlled Car (Bluetooth)

"All we know that Arduino is an excellent prototyping platform, principally because it uses a friendly programming language and there are a lot of extra incredible components that provide us great experiences. We can integrate the Arduino with differents shields or modules and build fantastic things. In this project i will show you how use the Bluetooth module to control a car through commands coming from a smartphone. " [...]

LED Sunrise Alarm Clock

"Trouble getting up in the morning? Hate the harsh piercing sound of an alarm? Would you rather make something on your own that you could arguably buy for less money and time? Then check out this LED Sunrise Alarm Clock! Sunrise alarms are designed to provide a more calming wake experience by slowly increasing in brightness around your set wake time. The idea is that this appeals to our natural inclination to wake up with the sun and 'tricks' the body into a balanced circadian rhythm making getting up easier." [...]

The Duvel Robot

"Nowadays, it searches to facilitate the life of humans. To obtain it, the human beings try to automate the daily tasks that surround them like: cook, clean, cut vegetables, manage the house, control the car etc. In this case, the project consists on a robot that is able of pouring beer. Its a simple activity in our life, but this repetitive process can and should be automated. With this robot, we will be able to effortlessly obtain perfect beers. It can look like a simple project but there is multitude of difficulties that we are in front of: conceptual design, mechanical design, electronic programming, and control." [...]

Apple 1 Emulator with PAL RF Output

"Try out the original Apple 1 with a 3$ ESP8266 board on your living room TV - wirelessly! Features - MOS 6502 CPU emulated at native speed (1 MHz) - 20 kB RAM - PAL TV signal output - Original Signetics 2513 ROM characters - Telnet used for keyboard input - Built-in TFTP server for uploading software - Everything is wireless" [...]

Arduino Mini CNC Plotter (With Proteus Project & PCB)

"This arduino mini CNC or XY plotter can write and make designs within the range of 40x40mm. Yes this range is short, but its a good start to jump into the arduino world. [I've given everything in this project, even PCB, Proteus File, Example design and alot of more data, I hope you'll like it and help me support my instructable and YouTube channel.] The main thing that means alot is you need to know how to control the stepper motor. Generally there are two types of stepper motors which are widely being used. Bipolar (has 4 wires) Unipolar (has 5-6 wires)PARTS: OLD DVD/CD rom slides Mini Tower Servo Motor Arduino 2pcs L293D (H-bridge Driver IC)The motor and slides for this drawing robot are salvaged from old DVD roms." [...]

Beer Pouring Robot

"Pouring beer is an art, and definitely part of the overall tasting experience and that too particularly, when you require adequate foam perfectly lined up along the edge of your glass. Since Belgium is the land of beers, we decided to make a pouring robot for two famous Belgian beers (Duvel and Jupiler) and made a robot as per their glass and bottle sizes as a part of our Master One project. The idea was to make a common robot for both Beer brands. Based on the availability, we built robot using following components & materials. - Hardware: Arduino microcontroller. - Material for the structure: MDF, Plexiglass, - 3d printing: PLA - Modelling Software: Solidworks / Inventor - Coding: Fritzing and Arduino" [...]

IKEA Smart Plant

"Gardening is very long task taking time every day . For this instructable i remix 3 of my old project the iot farm, the automated farm and the cocktail machine i took the ikea furniture I will provide a guide on how to control your plant remotly or with a code ,for me i used both to get full advantage of both ! " [...]

Raspberry Pi Talking to ESP8266 using MQTT

"Control led from both server and client side using MQTT. Raspberry Pi Talking to ESP8266 over WiFi using MQTT MQTT MQTT is a machine-to-machine (M2M) data transfer protocol . MQTT was created with the goal of collecting data from many devices and then transporting that data to the IT infrastructure. It is lightweight, and therefore ideal for remote monitoring, especially in M2M connections that require a small code footprint or where network bandwidth is limited. How MQTT work MQTT is a publish/subscribe protocol that allows edge-of-network devices to publish to a broker. Clients connect to this broker, which then mediates communication between the two devices." [...]

Clock Arduino Nano WS2812B 60Ring with Alarm/Timer Function

"Multiple Clock Faces Multiple Settings via Rotary Encoder All In a Nice Glass Display Case EASY TO REPLICATE I am just a clock/DIY/LED junky, and then i came across CineLights vids. I was amazed and mesmerized by the simplicity and arty work of him. So i had to made it myself in his honor, that is my trademark doing it in honor of the builder. It is working via a Rotary encoder that does all the work, to run thru the settings and act as an switch, all connected to the Arduino Nano the brain of this operation. I just finished my test setup, and now i will make it CLEAN as an Art Piece, so the tape, YEAH the tape is TEST FITTING. And you can use almost any 4cm deep frame, mine comes from the action, but you can also use the RIBBA from IKEA." [...]

Arduino Multimeter and Components Tester

"Hello, this is a mine multyfunctional Arduino device. It can be used to test sensors that are connected to analog pins, to measure resistance, to measure the voltage drop of the diode. It can measure ambient temperature, it has built in continuity test, pwm generator and much more. " [...]

Digital and Binary Clock with Two LED Matrix and RTC

"This project is about a Digital and Binary Clock using Arduino and two LED matrix with MAX72XX and RTC (Real Time Clock) including several features. Features: Digital Clock Binary Clock Mode AM/PM Mode 24 hours (international mode) Time & Date (Day, Month & Weekday) 02 different types of fonts (conventional & stylish) RTC keeps the time and date when the clock is off The internal memory of RTC can record the operational modes Two digits sharing same LED display The operation is very simple using the Arduino's restart button. Every time you turn on or restart the Arduino, a new clock mode is set automatically. To make this project so simple, I dedicated a lot of creativity and ingenuity to the code to add various features. I hope you enjoy it!! " [...]

Eggy, (scientific) Social Signal Pi Robot

"Hello maker! I put a lot of effort and time in making eggy and this indestructible. It would mean the world to me If you vote on me in the contest I'm participating. (click in the top right corner of my indestructible). Thanks! -Mark Robots will become more integrated in our daily lives and it is desired that they will be self-reliant." [...]

Calibrating My Servos

"All my servos are a little bit different to each other - I've built a rig to measure what PWM values turn my servos to a specific angle. In a previous post on Hackster, I wrote about how I've created a rig to compare how different servos from the same batch rotate, and showed that sending the same PWM signals to different servos results in some significant differences - the picture below shows servos which all started in their furthest counter clockwise position and were sent the same PWM signal - they all have slightly different behavior. Why not use existing servo libraries for the Arduino? I use the Adafruit PWM Servo Driver to drive a bunch of servos, and this allows me to send a different PWM signal to each servo. I could use the Servo library which is built into my Arduino installation - but I've a few reasons for not doing this: With the Adafruit PWM Servo Driver, I can control my servos using just two pins over I2C, rather than having dedicate a pin on my Arduino to every servo. I've sometimes found with the Arduino Servo library that when I attach to a servo and send a signal for it to rotate to the zero degree position that it rotates to the limit of travel and grinds the gears inside the servo." [...]

WiFi Controlled Acrylic Lamp

"The first revision of the lamp was made as a christmas gift for a friend, and after gifting it the design was revised and improved, as well as the code. The first revision of the project took 3 weeks to complete from start to finish but the second revision was completed in 1 day, as most of the hurdles in coding and design were skipped on the second time around. From working on several projects of different complexities, this project can definitely be easy-medium in difficulty if you stick to the instructions. However, it can get difficult if you want to make changes to the programming or general design. The project can take several routes in terms of the finished product and its overall look. These different routes include how the lights appear and the physical pattern that the rods form." [...]

Altimeter (altitude Meter) Based on Atmospheric Pressure

"This is the building description of an Altimeter (Altitude Meter) based on an Arduino Nano and a Bosch BMP180 atmospheric pressure sensor. The design is simple but the measurements are stable and quite accurate (1m precision). Every second ten pressure samples are made and the average of these ten is calculated. This pressure is compared to a baseline pressure and is used to process the altitude. The baseline pressure is measured at the moment the altimeter is powered on so this represents an altitude of zero meter. If necessary the baseline pressure can be reset by pushing the button." [...]

Measure Fuel Level With Arduino

"The sensing unit usually uses a float connected to a potentiometer, typically printed ink design in a modern automobile. As the tank empties, the float drops and slides a moving contact along the resistor, increasing its resistance. [2] In addition, when the resistance is at a certain point, it will also turn on a "low fuel" light on some vehicles. Meanwhile, the indicator unit (usually mounted on the dashboard) is measuring and displaying the amount of electric current flowing through the sending unit. When the tank level is high and maximum current is flowing, the needle points to "F" indicating a full tank. When the tank is empty and the least current is flowing, the needle points to "E" indicating an empty tank." [...]

Maze Solving Robot (MicroMouse) \ Wall Following Robot

"Welcome I'm Isaac and this is my first robot "Striker v1.0".This Robot was designed to solve a simple Maze.In the competition we had two mazes and the robot was able to identify them.Any other changes in the maze may require a change in the code and the design but it's all easy to do. " [...]

Voice Control Home Automation

"automation plays a key role in human life. Home automation allows us to control household electrical appliances like light, door, fan, AC etc. It also provides home security and emergency system to be activated. Home automation not only refers to reduce human efforts but also energy efficiency and time saving. The main objective of home automation and security is to help handicapped and old aged people who will enable them to control home appliances and alert them in critical situations. This project put forwards the implementation of home automation and security system using Arduino microprocessor and Android smartphone." [...]

Arduino Balancing Game With Servos

"Nice Arduino project. Featuring an Arduino Nano controlling 3 servos to move the tree. Firstly the "Roll" button is pressed to give you a colour and amplitude once the correct bit has been placed on the tree the "Shake" button is pressed and the tree moves around. Any bits which fall off are given to the person whos go it was! the idea of the game is to get rid of all your bits first. If when you press the "Roll" button you don't have the correct colour OR the strength is to high then if you wish you can miss your go." [...]

LTE Arduino GPS Tracker + IoT Dashboard

"Learn how to make a powerful Arduino GPS tracker that posts data to the cloud via LTE and view data graphically on IoT dashboards! Hey guys! In this tutorial we'll be creating a GPS tracker using the Botletics SIM7000 LTE shield and an Arduino and view the data on two free IoT dashboards. I'll start off by explaining how to get everything set up and posting data to the cloud, then I'll move into how to set up the IoT dashboards to view data. The two dashboards we will be looking at are Freeboard.io and ThingsBoard.io. Since this tutorial is a follow-up of my first Instructable on using the Botletics LTE/NB-IoT shield for Arduino so if you haven't already, please read it to get a good overview of how to use the shield and what it's all about." [...]

LED Eclipse With Touch Sensors and MIDI

"The LED eclipse is an interactive instrument with LEDs, capacitive touch sensors, and a MIDI output all controlled with an Arduino Uno. You can program the device in many different ways. Across all the applications, the idea is pretty much the same: determine which sensors are touched and then update the LEDs and MIDI output. In the video posted here, you can check out some of the programs that I wrote. The chassis is made out of MDF and was inspired by laser cut topographical maps that I saw on instructables. I was motivated to create the device because I wanted to make more interactive light devices that added a new spin to LED tables." [...]

RGB Lamp Controlled Using Bluetooth

"in this tutorial i modulate the PWM duty cycle to produce different colours from your LED, Using a Smartphone" [...]

1.2V-25V/10A Adjustable Power Supply Using Power Op-Amp

"This is a small size power supply based on OPA549 power op-amp that provides output voltage 1.2V to 25V with 0 to 10A adjustable current limit. Two onboard trimmer potentiometers provided to adjust the voltage and current, LED D1 is over temperature indicator. The circuit works with input supply of 30V DC and logic supply 5V DC. IC requires large size heat sink to work with full 10A current range. Screw terminals for input and output connections are provided. The OPA549 is a low-cost, high-voltage/high-current operational amplifier ideal for driving a wide variety of loads." [...]

Lidar/Haptic Feedback Electronic Travel Aid

"This project is an Electronic Travel Aid (ETA) that enables the user to navigate around objects in their path and view the profile of their surroundings. The device delivers spatial information about a small area in front of the user via haptic feedback: range information from time-of-flight (TOF) sensors is mapped to the vibration intensity of vibration motors against the user’s skin. This device is intended to be an Electronic Travel Aid (ETA) to assist in the mobility of a visually impaired pedestrian. The sensing module contains six time-of-flight distance sensors arranged horizontally at relative angles to measure distance from the user’s hand to six points along an arc in front of him or her. The sensing module is held in the user’s head. The total angular range across the distance sensor is about 25 degrees, which gives information across a spread of one meter at one meter of distance from the sensor module." [...]

Battery Checker With Temperature and Battery Selection

"Battery capacity tester: with this device you can check the 18650 battery, acid and other (the biggest battery I tested It's 6v Acid battery 4,2A), I need It to check fake china battery. For safety, I added, using a thermistor, the temperature of the power resistance and battery to prevent going too hot, with this trick I can check 6v Acid Battery without fire the board.I I select little micro controller atmega328 compatible nano (eBay). All the code is here. " [...]

RC Toy Car Using NRF24L01

"We all love playing with RC toy cars. In this instructable, I will show you how I created a simple RC toy car using bunch of wheels, motors, arduino and nRF24L01. We have two main components in any RC toy car namely Remote and Toy car. First we will create remote following that we will get into details of toy car. Let's get started. " [...]

Scan Nearby Objects Using ARDUINO

"This project utilises the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to scan for nearby objects. You can program the Arduino to sound an alarm when the sensor detects an object within a specific vicinity. Connecting it to a computer allows data to be plotted to make a simple sonar scanner. The scanning ability is made possible through the use of a hobby servo motor SG-5010, and an Adafruit motor shield v1.0. This project could easily be extended to provide object avoidance for any robotics project. This tutorial was designed so that you could see how the components interact, and also to see how you can use and expand the functionality of the motor shield." [...]

A Voice-Controlled, Braille-Type Pattern Semaphore

""Lord Vetinari stood at his window watching the semaphore tower on the other side of the river. All eight of the big shutters facing him were blinking furiously - black, white, black, white, black, white Information was flying into the air. Twenty miles behind him, on another tower on Sto Lat, someone was looking through a telescope and shouting out numbers. How quickly the future comes upon us, he thought." T. Pratchett, The Fifth Elephant After building a voice-controlled jumping jack based on the AIY voice kit, I had the idea to build a voice-controlled semaphore, bringing together the latest in IT technology with the beginnings of telecommunications and data transfer. At first I had the idea to replicate the French semaphore system by Chappe, which was the first known system for nation-wide telecommunications using a semaphore system." [...]

Pet Feeder Machine With RasPi and Telegram Bot

"First of all I need to clarify that this is not an original Idea Mine, just update and adapt the programming scripts to work with telegram, I found it in a previous Instructable so the credits really are the author of it. You could see the spanish version of this in my personal Blog: You need to build a small circuit that activates a high torque motor, and since my knowledge of electronics is very, very scarce, I had to spend a couple of days learning the basics by watching videos on YouTube. The original automation script is written in Python and uses a GMail connection to consult the commands, I had never used this programming language but the truth is not so different from the others, I have modified it a bit so that it adapts better to the new ones Python libraries and the automation process together with the operating system configurations allow you to parameterize the following: Interaction through commands sent to Chat controlled through ChatBots.It allows to track the status of the food dispensed.Controls how much food is going to be dispensed.It has buttons that allow you to feed manually.It does not allow overfeeding by disabling the feeding at 8-hour intervals.It has a status LCD that shows the data as the date and time of the next time for the next power supply, the SSID to which it is connected to the WiFi and the IP address of the device.Optional: Shows some Chuck Norris Random Jokes and / or Trivia of Numbers using a pair of public APIS (Ingenious by the original author).The System is immune to restarts due to power cuts as it saves a status file.The System Detects when there is a connection loss and tries to re-connect until it is successful. " [...]

ESP8266 Wifi Controlled Robot

"If you have seen my previous instructable then you know that I built a raspberry pi wifi controlled video streaming robot. Well, it was nice project but if you are just a beginner then you might find it difficult and expensive but for me I already had most of the parts lying around. This is a very cheap wifi controlled robot but it does not stream video. It is built on the ESP8266 platform. " [...]

Bi-colors Matrix 32x32 Showing 256 Colors With Gif Pictures

"Today, I'd share with you how 32x32 Bicolor Led Matrix can display 256 separated colors by using 74HC595 for column scan and 74HC238 for row scan. Of course, if the human eye can recognize this color difference. The flickers you see on videos is due to CAMERA, human eyes can't see these flickers. Bicolor matrix 32x32 has totally 1024 RED leds, 1024 GREEN leds. And with B.A.M - 4 bit (Bit Angle Modulation), every combination (RED + GREEN) led can generated 256 separated colors. How can Arduino handle these jobs with cheap and easy-to-find ICs on the market ?" [...]

RGB LED Adaptive Camouflage Using Ebot / Arduino

"This is a really great and simple project. It uses a color sensor to sense the color of the background and displays it on the RGB LED strip. I used an Ebot Microcontroller but you could also use any other microcontroller such as arduino uno. " [...]

Motor Management System for Hoisting Application Using Arduino Mega 2560 and IoT

"Now days IoT based microcontroller are widely used in the industrial application. Economically they are used instead of a computer. The objective of the project us to fully digitalized control, data logger and monitoring the 3phase induction motor without using the electromagnetic contactor. To reduce the downtime of breakdown in the industries for hoisting application and we are monitoring the system which is normally not easy to reach by the operator/ Engineer" [...]

Task List - Using Raspberry Pi and 7.5" E-paper Display

"I wanted to have my tasks list on my desk while i'm working , with some other information like the weather info , a calendar and a prayer times so I've created this nice project using raspberry pi and e-paper display so you gonna need : Raspberry Pi (Zero , Pi 2 , Pi A + , Pi 3) waveshare 7.5 inch E-paper DisplaySD Card 13x18 cm Photo frame" [...]

Temperature and Humidity Monitor

"In this instructable Im going to show you how to make your own temperature and humidity monitor for your living room. The device also features WiFi capabilities, for the purpose of logging the data on a remote server (e.g. a Raspberry Pi) and accessing it later through a simple web interface. The main parts of the device are an ESP8266 microcontroller, a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor and a 16x4 character LCD. The project is fully open source, so feel free to download the schematic, board layout and design files for the enclosure and make any changes you like. " [...]

CircuitPython 2FA TOTP Authentication Friend

"What is TOTP? Having 2 Factor Authentication on all your accounts is a good way to keep your data more secure. With 2FA logins, not only is a username and password needed, but also a one-time-use code. There's a few different ways to get that code, such as by email, phone or SMS. But my favorite way is to do it is via a 'Google Authenticator' time-based OTP (one time password), also known as a TOTP. Using an app on your phone like Authy or Authenticator, you set up a secret given to you by the service, then every 30 seconds, a new code is generated for you." [...]